Get the scripts for Update Rollup 1 for System Center 2012 R2 VMM

Update Rollup 1 for Virtual Machine Manager 2012 R2 was just released.

There are some annoyances that are fixed in here, so I know lots of folks that will be installing this.

However, one warning – take note of the release notes:

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2904712

There is a SQL script in there that you must run on your VMM database as a step in the process of applying the Update Rollup.

I anticipate that many folks will get caught by this one, it is just as slick at the error for UR1 of SCVMM 2012 SP1 where it had to be manually uninstalled or else UR2 or later would not apply properly (but it would look like they do).

Considering that SCVMM pushes SQL DAC packs to database servers to build out Services, I am actually really surprised at the need for the additional SQL script.  It seems like these folks should know how to do this without requiring that extra step that can so easily be missed – especially by shops that no longer take the time to read the release notes for each and every update.

So, be aware and get that script.

[update 1/30/14]

My SCVMM Server automatically updated via Windows Update two days ago.

How did I find out?  I tried to deploy a VM from a Service Template and it failed with the error detail that the Host Agent on the target hypervisor was out of date.

Nothing else.

So, I then turned around and ran the SQL script on the VMM 2012 R2 database.

I had no time to learn what the symptom might be from not applying the SQL script.  There has to be one.  Some way to know.

Deploying XenDesktop using the SCVMM Service Template

The latest release of XenDesktop is now available as a Service Template for System Center Virtual Machine Manager.

I am assuming that my blog readers are already familiar with the concept of Service Templates, introduced with SCVMM 2012. 

The “Service” is where the applications and OS are separate entities, they are layered across each other and deployed as a composed entity with intact references and dependencies.  The Template is the representation of these dependencies and relationships.  The Template is ‘deployed’ into a ‘Service’.  The Service is the running machines.

For most of the past year we have been focused on simplifying the deployment of the XenDesktop infrastructure.  After all, there are enough decisions to make without having to spend one or two days installing operating systems, applications, and configuring them.  This is where the XenDesktop VMM Service Template comes in.

The whole idea is to take the monotonous tasks of deploying VMs, installing XenDesktop, configuring those infrastructure machines and reducing them to a few questions and time.  Freeing you up to do more important things.  Ant the end you can have a distributed installation of XenDesktop – the license server, Director, StoreFront, and Controller.  All connected and ready to deliver applications or desktops.

Why not give it a go?

If you just want to see what this is all about, take a look here:  http://www.citrix.com/tv/#videos/9611

If you head over to the XenDesktop download page, you will find a “Betas and TechPreviews” section.  In there you can download the XenDesktop Service Template zip package.  (The Service Template is the TechPreview not the version of XenDesktop).

http://www.citrix.com/downloads/xendesktop/betas-and-tech-previews/system-center-service-template-tech-preview.html

By the way – there are four templates.  One template to install a scaled out XenDesktop, another for an evaluation installation of XenDesktop.  You will also find Provisioning Server templates that can also support scaling out or an evaluation installation.

After downloading the package, unzip it to a convenient location, then open up the SCVMM Console, Select the Library view, and click on the Import button in the ribbon. 

You can always stop here and read the administration guide, it is short and has all the pretty screen shots that this post is missing).

Browse to the XML file in the package you just unzipped. 

Then map your generalized Server 2012 (or Server 2012 R2) VHD / VHDX to the package by selecting the pencil (a red X appears when it is mapped – don’t ask me why a red X)

Just like the generalized virtual disk, if you want SCVMM integration enabled, then place the SCVMM installation ISO in your VMM Library and select that pencil icon to create the mapping.

The Custom Resource should be uploaded from the package and contains the Citrix parts.

There is a really short import video here if you don’t want to read all of that.

After you import, you can deploy the XenDesktop infrastructure by simply right clicking the template and selecting Configure Deployment.  Answer a few pertinent questions, select Refresh Preview for SCVMM to place the machines, and select Deploy Service.  The name you give your Service will also become the name of your XenDesktop Site.

Now, go to lunch.  When you return, connect to the console of the Controller VM, open Studio, and begin publishing desktops.

You can watch a shortened version of the deployment process.

The requirements are not different than any version of XenDesktop.  There needs to be; a domain to join with DNS, a SQL Server, a VM Network from which the machines can reach those resources, a RunAs account for the (first) XenDesktop administrator, and a user account for XenDesktop to integrate with SCVMM.

As time passes you may decide that you need additional StoreFront Servers or Desktop Controller servers.  To do that, select your Service in the VMs and Services view, right click, and Scale Out.  Select the tier and go.  Additional Controller capacity is created for you and added to the Site, StoreFront requires some additional configuration so you can tailor the load balancing to your environment.

If you need to see that one, I have a video for that as well.

If you need support, you can get that in the XenDesktop forums, we will be there to help and respond to questions.

Please, give us feedback and let us know what you think.

Modifying Hyper-V Generation2 VM boot device order with PowerShell

Yes, I know, some of you are looking at this and thinking, that has to be simple.  Or, “just use the GUI”.

Well, I can tell you.  The new Generation 2 VM introduces some interesting thinking to the world of Hyper-V.

First of all, let me drop this idea:  resource references / resource definitions / resource paths – or as Hyper-V calls it “FirmwarePath”

Okay lets look at what we have.

In Hyper-V 2012 I used:

PS C:\Users\Foo> Get-VMBios gen2r2
Get-VMBios : A parameter is invalid. Generation 2 virtual machines do not support the VMBios cmdlets.  Use Get-VMFirmware and Set-VMFirmware instead.

Whoops.  Not going to set that in the VM BIOS.  And at least there is some good guidance in the error message though (I like that).

PS C:\Users\Foo> Get-VMFirmware gen2r2

VMName SecureBoot PreferredNetworkBootProtocol BootOrder
------ ---------- ---------------------------- ---------
Gen2R2 Off        IPv4                         {File, Drive, Drive, Network}

Okay, easy enough.  Before we just fed in a string and changed the order.  But, before I do that, let me jsut avoid that error altogether and dig deeper.

PS C:\Users\Foo> $gen2r2 = Get-VMFirmware gen2r2
PS C:\Users\Foo> $gen2r2.BootOrder

VMName BootType Device                                       Description          FirmwarePath
------ -------- ------                                       -----------          ------------
Gen2R2 File                                                  Windows Boot Manager \HD(2,GPT14FD3F49-A5D7-4B1E-97EF-C...
Gen2R2 Drive    Microsoft.HyperV.PowerShell.HardDiskDrive    EFI SCSI Device      \AcpiEx(VMBus,0,0)\VenHw(9B17E5A2-...
Gen2R2 Drive    Microsoft.HyperV.PowerShell.DvdDrive         EFI SCSI Device      \AcpiEx(VMBus,0,0)\VenHw(9B17E5A2-...
Gen2R2 Network  Microsoft.HyperV.PowerShell.VMNetworkAdapter EFI Network          \AcpiEx(VMBus,0,0)\VenHw(9B17E5A2-...

Wait.  Those are objects, device references.  In the CIM world they are Resource References.  Very interesting.

But, all I want is to set my VM to PXE boot. 

And, I am going to do this the long hand way just for example – because the order has the be changed by feeding the objects in.  I am assuming that bunches of you can sort that out in various ways and will gladly leave that in the comments.  :-)

Lets capture the objects:

PS C:\Users\Foo> $genFile = $gen2r2.BootOrder[0]
PS C:\Users\Foo> $genNet = $gen2r2.BootOrder[3]
PS C:\Users\Foo> $genHD = $gen2r2.BootOrder[1]
PS C:\Users\Foo> $genDVD = $gen2r2.BootOrder[2]

Now, lets set those back, in the order I want them

PS C:\Users\Foo> Set-VMFirmware -VMName Gen2R2 -BootOrder $genNet,$genFile,$genHD,$genDVD
PS C:\Users\Foo> Get-VMFirmware gen2r2

VMName SecureBoot PreferredNetworkBootProtocol BootOrder
------ ---------- ---------------------------- ---------
Gen2R2 Off        IPv4                         {Network, File, Drive, Drive}

Let me see snazzy ways that you script this to change the boot order.

(BTW - VMM 2012 R2 does not let you do this)

SCVMM Service deployment and NO_PARAM server: NO_PARAM: NO_PARAM

I have to say.  This particular error is my favorite of all time (so far).

Here is the scenario:

• I deploy a Service form a Template.
• I wait.
• The Job fails.
• I check the SCVMM Job log and see something resembling this:

Error (2912)

An internal error has occurred trying to contact the NO_PARAM server: NO_PARAM: NO_PARAM.

NO_PARAM

Recommended Action

Check that WS-Management service is installed and running on server NO_PARAM. For more information use the command "winrm helpmsg hresult". If NO_PARAM is a host/library/update server or a PXE server role then ensure that VMM agent is installed and running.

Error (20400)

1 parallel subtasks failed during execution.

Error (2912)

An internal error has occurred trying to contact the NO_PARAM server: NO_PARAM: NO_PARAM.

NO_PARAM

Recommended Action

Check that WS-Management service is installed and running on server NO_PARAM. For more information use the command "winrm helpmsg hresult". If NO_PARAM is a host/library/update server or a PXE server role then ensure that VMM agent is installed and running.

Error (20400)

1 parallel subtasks failed during execution.

 

I can tell you from experience that this error has absolutely nothing to do with WinRM.  In fact, if you spend time there, it is wasted.

So, what happened?

In a nutshell; your script / installer ran, and it did not throw a single error.  Not one.  But, your timeout setting was too low due to something, anything and SCVMM gave up waiting for the Exit Code 0 that your script had finished.

Recall, that there was no error, so SCVMM did not have one to pass back up the chain to you and put in the job log.  That is where all of this NO_PARAM business is coming from.  Literally, no error was passed to something as a parameter and that particular piece of code is simply stating that it didn’t receive one.

And SCVMM reports this error as an error and pattern matches it and attempts to give you some guidance around it – where the WinRM part comes from.

 

I first caused this to happen because my script was stalled with a dialog box that was open, waiting for someone to respond, and since everything you define in your Service Template runs headless, there is no way to even know the dialog appeared – other than to logon to your VM and see that the script process continues to run.

I have also seen this happen again when there is high disk IO causing the various installers or configuration scripts to actually run slower.

Just to give a few clues as to why you see this in the first place, as it is a real mystery until you figure it out.  It took me a couple weeks to sort it all out.  Now, I avoid it – I spread my VMs across my hosts by selection.

Exporting the VHD of a running VM with Hyper-V 2012

A co-worker recently asked me about how to clone / export a running VM on Hyper-V 2012.

My first reply was; “upgrade to Hyper-V 2012 R2 and it is built-in”. 

Unfortunately that didn’t meet his needs, he is stuck in the Hyper-V 2012 world for a bit.

I came up with a process, it is not a pretty process, that is within all the parameters of file locking, doing things the way that you ‘should’, etc.

The key thing to wanting to ‘clone’ or export a VM is that you really want the virtual disk.  That is the ‘state’ of the machine.  The settings are easily copied and relatively incidental, the most important part is the virtual disk. 

I say that because this entire convoluted process is all about getting a very clean virtual disk state.  In this entire process, the settings of the machine (CPU, RAM, dynamic memory, virtual switch attachment, etc.) don’t matter.  And in the real world (outside of my little perfect test world) they really don’t matter until you Import.

Enough rambling on.  So, what is this process anyway?  In a nutshell it is:

If you take a snapshot of a VM, you can then add a differencing disk to the parent disk of the snapshot, create a VM from that, export that VM, then destroy the VM, then destroy the differencing disk.

Because this is not a snapshot, with the export Hyper-V gives you the differencing disk plus the parent.
If you exported a snapshot you get a single virtual disk, since Hyper-V does special things with AVHDX files.
If you want a single file, then you merge the diff that is in the export.

I know that some of my blog readers dream in command line, so here comes the PowerShell.

Special note:  This is specific to Hyper-V 2012 and works because of live merging and the built-in PowerShell provider.  Hyper-V 2012 R2 does not need all this mess, just take a snapshot and Export.  Hyper-V 2008 or 2008 R2 does not have a built-in PowerShell provider, but you could do all this with WMI.

$vm = get-vm "datest"

# I always want 'now' so we take our own snapshot
$checkPoint = Checkpoint-VM -VM $vm -SnapshotName "clone" -Passthru

# Create a differencing disk and link it to the disk of the snapshot.
$diffVhd = New-VHD -Differencing -ParentPath $checkPoint.HardDrives[0].Path -Path ("D:\Test\" + $checkPoint.Name + ".vhdx")

# If you really care about the exact configuration of your VM and want to Import it on the other side, then do the configuration only export using WMI:  http://blogs.msdn.com/b/virtual_pc_guy/archive/2010/03/24/performing-a-configuration-only-export-import-on-hyper-v.aspx
# on the Import side you would 'fix-up' the configuration and use the merged new disk from later on in this example.  http://itproctology.blogspot.com/2012/08/handling-import-vm-errors-in-server.html

$clone = New-VM -Name $checkPoint.Name -VHDPath $diffVhd.Path

Export-vm -VM $clone -Path D:\Test -Passthru

Remove-VM -VM $clone -Force
Remove-Item $diffVhd.Path

$vhds = Get-ChildItem -Path D:\test -Recurse -File -Include "*.vhd*" | Get-VHD

foreach ($vhd in $vhds) {
    if ($vhd.VhdType -eq "Differencing") {
        $parent = Get-Item $vhd.ParentPath

        Merge-VHD $vhd.Path -Force
    }
}

I am going to mention it again.  I am using the Export process to get a clean virtual disk, not to have a proper VM configuration.

Use Ben’s Configuration Only export to get the configuration XML.  Then on Import use the Fix-up methodology to point to the new VHD.

Sounds like I need a second blog to put this all together.